The Hitch-Hiker (1953) Starring: Frank Lovejoy, Edmond
O’Brien, William Talman. Directed by Ida Lupino. Screenplay by Ida Lupino,
Collier Young. Produced by Collier Young. Run
Time: 71 minutes. U.S. Black and White Film Noir, Drama, Crime
The Hollywood career of Ida Lupino has many distinctions.The one we're interested here is that Lupino is only one woman
who ever directed a classic film noir and the only film noir she directed
was The Hitch-Hiker (1953). While she is not the first woman to direct films,
she is the first actress to write, produce and direct her own movies in an
effort to have a better control over her career.
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Actress, writer, producer, director Ida Lupino. |
Born in London,
her first appearance was in the British film The Love Race (1931). She made
British films for Warner Bros. before moving to Hollywood in 1933, for the lead
in that year’s Alice in Wonderland. She began to be taken seriously as a
dramatic actress after her role in Columbia’s The Light That Failed (1939).
With improved roles, she described herself as “the poor man’s Bette Davis”
after picking up roles Davis turned down.
One of her big
breaks came in They Drive By Night (1940), which led to a contract at Warner
Bros. She would appear opposite her They Drive By Night co-star Humphrey Bogart
in High Sierra (1940) and opposite the great Edward G. Robinson in The Sea Wolf
(1941). But her tenure at Warners was
mostly spent on suspension, as she refused roles that she deemed beneath her
dignity as an actress, including Kings Row (1942) opposite future President
Ronald Reagan.
Her directorial
debut was mostly by accident. Lupino and her second husband, Collier Young, set
up their own company, The Filmakers, to produce movies for her. When director Elmer Clifton suffered
a mild heart attack and could not finish Not Wanted, a film she was
co-producing with Young, Lupino took over and even though she didn’t take screen
credit, it marked her first time in the director’s chair. She would direct
several more films before The Hitch-Hiker four years later.
For this film, she and Young chose
a real story to adapt, that of Billy Cook, a murderer who travelled the
interstates and highways of the southwest, hitch-hiking and killing those who
were nice enough to give him a ride. In 1950, Cook killed a family of five and
a travelling salesman before kidnapping a Deputy Sheriff Home Waldrip from
Blythe, California. Before Cook was put to death for his crimes, Lupino spoke
with him and got his permission to use his story. She also spoke with two of
Cook’s victims, prospectors he had held hostage and got releases from them as
well.
Filming began on June 24, 1952 and
finished late in July. Shot on location near Big Pine and Lone Pine California, terrain that substituted for Mexico’s Baja peninsula, the film was released
through RKO Pictures, in March 1953.
The film opens with the warning: “This
is the true story of a man and a gun and a car. The gun belonged to the man.
The car might have been yours--or that young couple across the aisle. What you
will see in the next seventy minutes could have happened to you. For the facts
are actual."
As if to accentuate the danger, the film opens with the robbery and murder of a
pair of Oregon newlyweds by a hitchhiker. Even after the police release a
photograph of their prime suspect, Emmett Myers (William Talman), a travelling
salesman is shown giving him a ride and paying the price with his life. Myers
steals the man’s car as well as his wallet and drives until the car gives out.
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Newspaper headlines warn about the dangerous hitch-hiker. |
Enter two Arizona men, Gilbert
Bowen (Frank Lovejoy), a draughtsman, and his best friend, Roy Collins (Edmond
O’Brien), the owner of a garage. Away from their wives and family, the two are on a guys’ only fishing vacation, heading to their favorite spot in Mexico’s Baja
California peninsula. They pass through Mexicali, a touristy town. Roy tries to
wake Gilbert, but can’t so he continues on driving. Not stopping might have put
them on a collision course with Myers, who is standing by the side of the road.
Without thinking, Roy pulls over
and offers a stranded motorist a ride. Once in the backseat, Myers wastes little time in taking
control of the situation, pulling a gun on the two men in front. He admits to being who he is and forces them to pull over to the side of the road. He makes them open the trunk to see what's in there and confiscates Gilbert's rifle and ammunition, before ordering them back onto the highway.
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Soon after they give him a ride, Myers (William Talman) pulls a gun
on Gilbert (Frank Lovejoy) and Roy (Edmond O'Brien) and hijacks their car. |
Myers demands to know when their wives
are expecting them home and to keep him quiet Roy responds that they are not
due back anytime soon.
When they have to stop for gas,
Gilbert converses with the attendant in Spanish, which Myers does not
understand. Nervous that Gilbert might talk too much, Myers flashes his gun.
They obtain a map and at the next stop, they study the map. Myers decides to
catch the ferry in Santa Rosalia, a coastal town on the eastern shore of the
peninsula, 500 miles away.
He then shows off his skills with a
rifle and then forces Gilbert into shooting a tin can that Roy is holding.
Gilbert manages to fire and hit the can, but both friends are left shaken by
the experience.
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Roy is forced to be a human target holder. |
On the radio, there is a report
about Myers which indicates the police do not know of his whereabouts. That
night, the three men camp and Myers warns the men not to attempt an escape. He
tells them that one of his eyelids doesn’t close, even when he’s asleep and as
such they could never be sure if he was asleep or not. (The real Cook had told
Lupino he had the same affliction.) The men don’t try to get away.
The next morning, the men drive
into a small down to buy provisions. Once again, Myers is nervous about Gilbert
speaking Spanish to the proprietor, something the store keep picks up on.
Later, while they eat lunch, Myers
brags to his captives about his toughness and refers to them as being “soft”.
The radio broadcasts a news report about Gilbert and Roy’s disappearance. When
they’re alone, Gilbert and Roy talk about making an escape attempt. They
discuss wanting to keep Myers from listening to the radio. Roy manages to break
the horn and when they pull over, Myers watches, to be sure Roy kills the horn
and not the radio. While Roy is working under the hood, a man walking a burro
walks by, which bothers Myers.
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A man walking a burro happens by while Roy is working on the car. |
Even under Myers’ scrutiny, Roy
does manage to disconnect the radio, a feat that gets him a blow to the head,
even while he’s driving, from Myers when he realizes what he’d done. Gilbert
tries to convince Myers that the surrounding hills are interfering with the
radio broadcasts, and that seems to calm Myers down.
Meanwhile, in a
Baja police station, a Mexican official is working with an American agent
discuss information they’ve received about the hostages from the store
proprietor. They agree that Santa Rosalia is Myer’s most likely destination.
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Working together, U.S. and Mexican officials figure out where Myers is headed. |
Back on the
highway, the trio’s car gets a flat. When a couple passes by, the man driving
offers to help, but Myers is adamant that Gilbert and Roy to keep quiet, which
makes the man suspicious. Soon afterwards, the man tells Captain Alvarado (José Torvay), who is
tracking Myers, and tells him about the suspicious men. He directs Alvarado to
the spot where he’d seen the men.
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Witnesses tell Captain Alvarado (Jose Torvay) what they've seen on the road. |
That night, Myers forces Gilbert and Roy to steal gasoline
for the car from a closed gas station. While he’s hand pumping the gas, Gilbert
slips off his wedding finger and leaves it next to the pump. The next day, while Alvarado is investigating the robbery, he
finds the ring.
Figuring that Myers has the men as hostages, the authorities
decide to disseminate false information about Myer’s whereabouts over the
radio.
The next night,
when the three men set up camp, Gilbert and Roy finally make an attempt to
escape, but Myers is too quick for them and catches them before they’ve gotten
far.
The next day,
Myers takes the men to an abandoned mine shaft and is considering pushing the
men in when he hears one of the false reports on the radio about where the
police think Myers is. Convinced he doesn’t have to kill them, Myers spares
their lives. But they aren’t going anywhere, since the car’s crank shaft has
been broken.
Undeterred,
Myers forces Gilbert and Roy to walk the rest of the way to Santa Rosalia. He
also forces Roy to change clothes with him, so that Roy better fits the
description the radio is broadcasting about Myers.
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When their car breaks down, Myers forces them to walk the rest of the way to Santa Rosalia. |
When Santa
Rosalia is finally in sight, Myers insists that they stop on the outskirts
rather than in the town, where he is sure the police are already waiting for
him. Perhaps, as a good-bye gesture, Myers offers to buy his hostages a beer.
But his mood sours when he finds out that the ferry has burned down some time
back.
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Myers buys his captives a beer before learning the ferry boat has burned down. |
They find an
English-speaking man who can help them arrange for a boat that evening. But
soon after they depart, the man recognizes Myers' face from a wanted poster and
notifies the police.
When they arrive
on the docks that night, Myers makes Roy walk out ahead of him, hoping the
police will take him for the man they’re after. And the police are there,
including Alvarado. There is brief gunfire and Roy finally fights back,
challenging Myers for the gun. In the struggle, the weapon falls into the
water. Stripped of his gun, Myers is forced to give up.
Once Myers is handcuffed,
Roy lands a few punches on his former-captor before the police pull them
apart. As they lead Myers away, Alvarado
tells the two Americans that he will need a full report in the morning.
Given the fact
that the film was directed by a woman, there are no significant female parts in
the film. The only one is a woman seated in the car that passes while Roy is
changing the tire on the car and she never says a word. This is only one
interesting twist on the standard film noir. Not only is there no femme fatale
in sight, rather than the confines of the city, The Hitch-Hiker takes place mostly
outdoors against the bleak backdrop of the desert under the big sky, proving
there is more to the dark mood than just environment.
Another
interesting twist is that whenever someone speaks Spanish in the film, there is
no attempt to translate what they’re saying leaving the audience in the same
situation as Roy and Myers unless they understand the language. While the
meaning can be interpreted through placement, being kept a little in the dark
by the film brings a certain realism to the story.
That sense of
realism may be responsible for the change in the perception of hitch-hikers
after its release. Gone were the days of the innocent nomads of the highways,
replaced by potential killers with every ride. The film’s advertising which
contained such lines as: "Have you ever picked up a hitch-hiker--We
guarantee you won't ever after seeing this picture”, didn’t help. Hitch-hikers
complained to RKO, trying to stop the
film, but to no avail.
As a director, Lupino
is dependent on telling her story using mostly only three actors: Frank
Lovejoy, Edmond O’Brien and William Talman. Since he plays the antagonist,
we’ll start with Talman. Like most villains he’s presented as pretty much a
one-dimensional character. Angry with the world for whatever reason, Myers is a
mean man with no redeeming qualities. Talman, who is best remembered for his
role as Los Angeles District Attorney Hamilton Burger on the long-running Perry
Mason TV series (1957-66). It was actually his role as Myers in this film that
would lead to that role when Gail Patrick Jackson, executive producer of the
CBS-TV series, wanted him for the Burger role.
Edmond O’Brien,
who tends to act somewhere between wooden and ham, is mostly subdued in his
reading of Roy Collins. Mostly submissive throughout, Roy is the weaker of the
two men. He is part of the reason why Roy and Gilbert fail in their attempted
escape. He seems to take most of Myers abuse and really only fights back at the
end. O’Brien, who was no stranger to film noir, having starred in The Killers
(1946), Backfire (1950), D.O.A. (1950) and Shield for Murder (1954), would
actually win the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in
Barefoot Contessa (1954) opposite Humphrey Bogart and Ava Gardner.
Frank Lovejoy
was a versatile actor, appearing on radio, film and on television during a
short career that only lasted fourteen years. Of the three main actors, I found
Lovejoy to be the most dynamic, at least in this film. His character is not
only our best link into the story, but within the film, he is the link between
Roy and Myers and the non-English speaking populace they interact with.
Even though this
is Lupino’s lone entry in the film noir genre, it is clear that she knows what
she’s doing on both sides of the camera. Not only was she a memorable actress,
but she knew how to bring out the most from a rather straightforward story.
Unlike most other film noirs, this film’s plot is uncluttered by twists and
turns so she has to wring the most tension she can out of each situation.
Not a perfect
film nor a typical noir, The Hitch-Hiker is still worth watching. It is a shame
that this was Lupino’s lone attempt at the genre.